91吃瓜网

One important debate within climate justice regards the contentious issue of the normative significance of past emissions. In this talk, I discuss two arguments that explore their significance, and identify their shared presuppositions but differing normative implications. The first argument regards inherited benefits and holds that currently living people have realized unequal benefits from having inherited the benefits of past emissions-generating activities. Moreover, these unequal benefits are relevant for the distribution of the remaining permissible emission rights between states. The second argument regards the historically formed status quo-expectations of high emitters and holds that the frustration of such expectations that will result from the transition to a zero-emissions society might impose special costs on high emitters. Moreover, these costs are relevant for an understanding of the fair distribution of the burdens of that transition within states, but not between states. Taking fully and immediately into account the distributional implications of the first argument is likely to be politically infeasible for high emitting states today. Therefore, for the urgently needed international agreement that will specify the limitation on the global budget of the remaining permissible emissions, one should adopt a dynamic understanding of feasibility. All states are obliged to work towards changing the relevant constraints in such ways that taking into account historical responsibility for past emissions in the ways justified will become feasible.